A Beginner’s Guide to Kathak Dance Gharanas

When you start learning about classical Indian dance, one of the most fascinating and expressive types you’ll find is Kathak. This dance comes from northern India and is a way to tell stories through movement, developed over hundreds of years. As you begin to explore Kathak, it’s important to learn about its different gharanas, or schools. Each gharana has its own unique style and approach, adding to the dance’s rich and diverse tradition.

What Are Gharanas in Kathak?

In Kathak, gharanas are distinctive schools or styles that follow particular lineages and traditions, each with unique characteristics and emphasis. The three principal gharanas are Lucknow, Jaipur, and Benaras. The Lucknow Gharana, known for its grace, elegance, and expressive storytelling (abhinaya), originated in the Nawab courts emphasizing delicate gestures and facial expressions. 

The Jaipur Gharana, developed in the Rajput courts, focuses on vigorous footwork (tatkaar), intricate rhythms, and dynamic spins. The Benaras Gharana blends dramatic elements (natya) and rhythmic improvisation (layakari), integrating both pure dance (nritta) and expressive dance (nritya).

What Are the Different Kathak Dance Gharanas for Beginners?

1. The Lucknow Gharana

History and Origins

The Lucknow Gharana developed in the court of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah in the 19th century. Under his patronage, Kathak dancers received the support to refine their art, focusing on grace, subtlety, and expressiveness.

Characteristics

• Abhinaya (Expression): The Lucknow Gharana places a strong emphasis on abhinaya, or expressive dance. Dancers convey delicate emotions and stories through their facial expressions and gestures.
• Grace and Elegance: Movements in this gharana are fluid and graceful. There is a significant focus on the aesthetics of hand movements (mudras) and intricate footwork.
• Thumri: Dancers often perform to Thumri music, which is a semi-classical form of Indian music known for its romantic and devotional themes.

Notable Exponents

• Birju Maharaj: A legendary figure in Kathak, Birju Maharaj is known for his mastery of abhinaya and nayika bhava (the heroine’s sentiment).
• Sitara Devi: Celebrated as the ‘Queen of Kathak’, Sitara Devi brought tremendous energy and innovation to the Lucknow Gharana.

2. The Jaipur Gharana

History and Origins

The Jaipur Gharana evolved in the courts of Rajput kings in Rajasthan. It is believed to have been influenced by the martial traditions and folk dances of the region.

Characteristics

• Vigorous Footwork: The hallmark of the Jaipur Gharana is its powerful, intricate footwork. Dancers perform complex tatkars (footwork patterns) with precision and speed.
• Tatkaar: There is a greater emphasis on rhythmic aspects and footwork rather than abhinaya. The dancers often perform to complex time cycles.
• Chakkars (Pirouettes): The execution of multiple swift and consecutive spins is a distinctive feature of this gharana.

Notable Exponents

• Sunder Prasad: An eminent figure in the Jaipur Gharana, Sunder Prasad was known for his rigorous training methods and contributions to the technical aspects of Kathak.
• Kundan Lal Gangani: A revered guru, Gangani’s teaching and performances have left a lasting impact on the Jaipur Gharana.

3. The Benaras Gharana

History and Origins

The Benaras Gharana, also known as the Varanasi Gharana, is believed to have been developed by Janakiprasad in the 18th century. It thrived in the spiritual and cultural ambiance of Varanasi, one of the oldest cities in India.

Characteristics

• Natya (Dramatic Element): The Benaras Gharana integrates elements of drama into its performances. There’s a strong emphasis on storytelling and dramatic expression.
• Layakari: This gharana is known for its intricate layakari (rhythmic play) and emphasis on improvisation with rhythm.
• Use of Nritta and Nritya: Equal importance is given to nritta (pure dance) and nritya (expressive dance). The performances often blend technical prowess with expressive storytelling.

Notable Exponents

• Sitara Devi: Although associated mainly with the Lucknow Gharana, Sitara Devi also drew influences from the Benaras Gharana, showcasing its dramatic and rhythmic elements in her performances.
• Saswati Sen: A prominent disciple of Birju Maharaj, Saswati Sen has also trained in the Benaras style and incorporates its aspects into her performances.

How Do You Choose a Kathak Dance Gharana?

The Learning Path

Finding a Guru

The traditional method of learning Kathak is through the guru-shishya parampara (teacher-student tradition). Finding a reputed guru who belongs to a particular gharana is crucial as they impart not just the technique but also the cultural and historical context of the dance form.

The Initial Training

Beginners typically start with the basics of footwork, hand movements, and postures. As they progress, they learn more complex compositions, pirouettes, and abhinaya. Regular practice and dedication are essential to master the nuances of Kathak.

Understanding the Music

Kathak is performed to classical Hindustani music. Familiarity with the different rhythmic cycles (taalas) and melodies (ragas) is important, as the dance is closely intertwined with musical compositions.

Performances and Practice

Watching performances by seasoned artists can be immensely beneficial. It helps beginners understand the intricacies of different gharanas and offers inspiration. Additionally, regular practice and participating in dance recitals help in gaining confidence and honing skills.

In Conclusion

Kathak is a timeless art form that offers a profound cultural experience. Each gharana imparts its distinctive essence to the dance, enriching the diverse tapestry of Kathak. For beginners, comprehending these gharanas and their unique characteristics is fundamental to appreciating and mastering this exquisite dance form. Whether you are drawn to the expressive Lucknow Gharana, the rhythmically intense Jaipur Gharana, or the dramatic Benaras Gharana, you will find a world of stories, rhythms, and expressions waiting to be explored. If you’re in search of kathak dance classes near Kalwa, Thane, you will have the opportunity to dive in and let the dance narrate its tale through every movement and expression.